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Ўзбекистон шаҳарлари XIX аср иккинчи ярми- XX аср бошларида: Шаҳар маданияти ва урбанизация жараёнлари

Тадкикотда Бухоро, Хива ва Кукон хонликлари тарихининг сунгги боскичларида хамда Туркистон генерал-губернаторлиги худудидаги анъанавий шахар маданияти. уларнинг ижтимоий- иктисодий хамда маданий хаёти, маъмурий бошкарув тизимида мустамлака шароитида содир булган ўзгаришлар мохияти, минтакадаги урбанизация жараёнлари ва уларга таъсир курсатган омиллар тахлил килинган.

Lessons In Electric Circuits

This book is published under the terms and conditions of the Design Science License. These terms and conditions allow for free copying, distribution, and/or modification of this document by the general public. The full Design Science License text is included in the last chapter. As an open and collaboratively developed text, this book is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the Design Science License for more details.

Lecture Notes on General Relativity

These lectures represent an introductory graduate course in general relativity, both its foundations and applications. They are a lightly edited version of notes I handed out while teaching Physics 8.962, the graduate course in GR at MIT, during the Spring of 1996. Although they are appropriately called “lecture notes”, the level of detail is fairly high, either including all necessary steps or leaving gaps that can readily be filled in by the reader. Nevertheless, there are various ways in which these notes differ from a textbook; most importantly, they are not organized into short sections that can be approached in various orders, but are meant to be gone through from start to finish. A special effort has been made to maintain a conversational tone, in an attempt to go slightly beyond the bare results themselves and into the context in which they belong.

КОРХОНАЛАР ТАШҚИ ИҚТИСОДИЙ ФАОЛИЯТИДА ХАЛҚАРО МАРКЕТИНГНИ ФАОЛЛАШТИРИШНИНГ МЕТОДОЛОГИК АСОСЛАРИНИ ТАКОМИЛЛАШТИРИШ

Жаҳонда иктисодий муносабатларнинг глобаллашуви шароитида миллий иқтисодиёт рақобатбардошлигини таъминлашда халкаро маркетинг восита ва дастакларидан самарали фойдаланиш борасида илмий тадкикот ишлари олиб борилмоқда. Корхоналарнинг ташқи иқтисодий фаолияти самарадорлигини ошириш, трансмиллий корпорацияларнинг молиявий- хўжалик натижаларига аҳамиятли таъсир кўрсатувчи инновацион бошқарув усулларини жорий этиш, хўжалик юритувчи субъектлар фаолиятини ташкил этишда халқаро маркетингнинг махсус усулларини қўллаш, уларни фаоллаштиришнинг методологик асосларини такомиллаштириш тизими ва механизмларини ишлаб чиқиш илмий тадқиқотнинг муҳим йўналишларидан ҳисобланади.

LASER LIGHT DYNAMICS

Before you read this book, and even its preface, the following remarks might be useful to you. Since this book is "Volume 2" you may be inclined to believe that you must know all the contents of "Volume 1" before you can start reading (and, of course, understanding) "Volume 2". But this is not the case. The present "Volume 2" again starts at a rather elementary level, and then proceeds step by step to more difficult matters. Only at these later stages some more advanced theoretical background is required which then can be taken from "Volume I". I have chosen this way of presentation to make the theory of laser light accessible to a broad audience-ranging from students at the beginning of their graduate studies to professors and scientists interested in recent developments. For details on the relations between the chapters of these books consult the list at the end of the introduction.

Lagrangian Mechanics, Dynamics, and Control

These notes deal primarily with the subject of Lagrangian mechanics. Matters related to mechanics are the dynamics and control of mechanical systems. While dynamics of Lagrangian systems is a generally well-founded field, control for Lagrangian systems has less of a history. In consequence, the control theory we discuss here is quite elementary, and does not really touch upon some of the really challenging aspects of the subject. However, it is hoped that it will serve to give a flavour of the subject so that people can see if the area is one which they’d like to pursue.

LAGRANGIAN AND HAMILTONIAN MECHANICS

This book grew out of notes for a one-semester course in classical mechanics which I have taught for many years to senior and, more recently, junior physics students at Dalhousie University. These students have norinally taken one semester in mechanics at the introductory level and one semester at the second year level; my course is their final exposure to mechanics as undergraduates. The original aim of the course was to introduce the student, in the more familiar setting of classical mechanics, to those ideas and terms which he or she would later encounter in modified form in quantum mechanics: Lagrangian, action, Hamiltonian, Poisson brackets, canonical transformations, etc. In recent years, with the resurgence of interest in mechanics, especially non-linear dynamics, the emphasis of the course has shifted somewhat to include these contemporary developments as well.

Kinematical Theory of Spinning Particles

If in any endeavour one has such lovely and unconditional supporters as my wife Merche and daughters Miren and Edurne, the goal will be achieved. Thanks to them for inspiring love and courage. The analysis of dynamical systems, when an analytical solution does not exist, is in general a difficult task. In those cases, we always have the possibility of making an alternative numerical interpretation. But numerical analysis requires quite often a personal skill in computing or the collaboration of a computer department. The numerical computer program Dynamics Solver, developed by Juan M. Aguirregabiria has proven to be a handy tool, even for an inexperienced theoretical physicist. Extensive use of this package has been done for the analysis of many of the examples contained in this book. I enthusiastically recommend its use, even for teaching purposes. I am very much indebted to him by his help and for the many years of sharing life and duties.

КОРХОНАЛАР МОЛИЯВИЙ ХАВФСИЗЛИГИНИ ТАЪМИНЛАШ МЕТОДОЛОГИЯСИНИ ТАКОМИЛЛАШТИРИШ

Амалга оширилаётган илмий тадқиқотлар бизнес субъектларининг рақобатбардошлигини оширишда молиявий барқарорлик ва хавфсизликни таъминлашга алоҳида эътибор қаратиш зарурлигини кўрсатмоқда. Мазкур тадқиқотларда корхоналар молиявий баркарорлигини таъминлаш уларнинг стратегик ривожланишига самарали йўл эканлиги исботланган. Шунингдек, молиявий рискларни баҳолаш, уларни хавф-хатарини камайтириш, фонд бозорида акциялар нархларини тушиб кетиши, корхона риск-менежментини стратегик бошқаришнинг концептуал жиҳатлари, иктисодий инқирозларда корхонани бошқариш масалалари, акциядорлар билан ўзаро ҳамкорлик асосида қўшилиш ва ютиб юбориш хавфлари, корхона молиявий хавфларини таъминлаш усуллари ва моделларини ишлаб чиқиш масалалари кенг ўрганилган.

A History of Light and Colour Measurement

This book is about how light was made to count. It explores a seemingly simple question: How was the brightness of light—casually judged by everyone but seldom considered a part of science before the 20th century—transformed into a measurable and trustworthy quantity? Why did the description of colour become meaningful to artists, dyers, industrialists and a handful of scientists? Seeking answers requires the exploration of territory in the history, sociology and philosophy of science. Light was made to count as a quantifiable entity at the same time as it came to count for something in human terms. Measuring the intensity of light was fraught with difficulties closely bound up with human physiology, contentious technologies and scientific sub-cultures.

cambridge illustrated dictionary of Astronomy

There is always something new in astronomy. Exciting discoveries follow one after another at a dizzying pace, thanks to the batteries of giant telescopes perched on mountain tops and equipped with the latest technological innovations, observatories orbiting high above the troublesome atmosphere, and spacecraft exploring the worlds of the solar system from close quarters. Keeping abreast of it all can be a challenge! For this illustrated A-to-Z, I have made an up-to-date selection of 1 800 entries covering hundreds of named astronomical objects as well as the terms and abbreviations most commonly encountered in astronomy. I have also included biographical entries on 70 people who have made significant contributions to the development of astronomy. Three hundred entries are illustrated, nearly all in color.

FANTASTIC BEASTS and where to find them

Although almost solely responsible for the creation of the Werewolf Register in 1947, he says he is proudest of the Ban on Experimental Breeding, passed in 1965, which effectively prevented the creation of new and untameable monsters within Britain. Mr. Scamander’s work with the Dragon Research and Restraint Bureau led to many research trips abroad, during which he collected information for his worldwide best-seller Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them, now in its fifty-second edition. Newt Scamander was awarded the Order of Merlin, Second Class, in 1979 in recognition of his services to the study of magical beasts, Magizoology. Now retired, he lives in Dorset with his wife Porpentina and their pet Kneazles: Hoppy, Milly, and Mauler.

IR and Raman Spectroscopy

At present, vibrational spectroscopy is undergoing a renaissance stimulated by many new developments in infrared and Raman instrumentation, such as high sensitive detectors, charge-coupled devices (CCD) and array detectors, laser excitation sources, step-scan technique, photoacoustic detection, spectral depth profiling, light-fiber optics, mapping and imaging in the field of microscopy, time resolved and surface-enhanced methods - in order to mention a few of these significant improvements. Of course this progress in vibrational spectroscopy is closely connected with the enormous development in computer technique. These developments have created novel applications of IR and Raman spectroscopy in various scientific disciplines ranging from chemistry and physics to bioscience and medicine.

INTRODUCTORY ELECTROMAGNETICS

To quote one of our students, this book can be summarized as "400 [or so] pages on four equations." It is true that Maxwell's equations can describe all the examples, problems, and applications in this book. However, it is also true that these equations were first derived experimentally by Coulomb, Ampère, Faraday, and others. Maxwell added one term in Ampère's law that connected all four equations. Therefore, even though electromagnetics might at times seem theoretical to you, please remember its roots. The mathematical apparatus was introduced to model the physical properties of electromagnetic fields in a compact way. Whether you are an engineer or a physicist, you will realize in later years the experimental and practical nature of the material covered in this book. We have tried to help you connect the theory to engineering practice by adding chapters on applications, by providing you with a number of practice problems and labs, and by giving realistic values whenever possible.

КОРХОНАЛАР МОЛИЯВИЙ НАТИЖАЛАРИНИ БОШҚАРИШ ТИЗИМИНИ ТАКОМИЛЛАШТИРИШ

Ҳозирда жаҳонда йирик корпоратив тузилмалар фаолиятини молиявий ресурслар билан таъминлашнинг самарали йўлларини излаш, уларни бошқаришнинг замонавий усулларини аниқлаш, корхоналар молиявий барқарорлигини баҳолашнинг янги илмий-услубий ёндашувларини ишлаб чиқиш, хўжалик субъектларининг истиқболдаги инвестициявий жозибадорлиги, кредитга лаёқатлилиги ҳамда бозор қийматини оширишда молиявий натижаларни мақсадга йўналтирилган бошкариш тизимини янада такомиллаштириш борасида кенг тадқиқотлар олиб борилмоқда. Корпоратив тузилмалар молиявий натижаларини бошқариш тизимини такомиллашти-ришда бизнеснинг хусусиятлари, ишлаб чиқаришнинг капитал сиғими, тармоқлардаги вазият сингари омиллар асосида танлашга эътибор қаратилиб, бизнес қиймати ва соф молиявий натижалар самарадорлиги ўртасидаги ўзаро боғлиқликни тадқиқ этиш илмий тадқиқотнинг устувор йўналишлари ҳисобланади.

INTRODUCTORY ELECTROMAGNETICS

Herbert P. Neff, Jr., received his bachelor's and master's degrees in electrical engineering from the University of Tennessee at Knoxville in 1953 and 1956, respectively. He received his doctorate in electrical engineering from Auburn University in 1967. From 1956 to 1965 and from 1966 to the present he has taught courses primarily in electromagnetics at the University of Tennessee. He is also a consultant to Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Dr. Neff has written four engineering textbooks and is the author or coauthor of numerous articles that have been published in professional journals. He is a member of Eta Kappa Nu, Sigma Xi, and Tau Beta Pi. He is a senior member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.