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Ushbu asar Quyi zarafshon vohasida qadim zamonlardan to XX asrgacha bo'lgan sug'orish va sug'orish texnikasining rivojlanishi hamda qadimda vohada sug'orilgan erlar o'rnini aniqlash tarixiga bag'ishlangan.

2017-2021 йилларда Узбекистон Республикасини ривожлантиришнинг бешта устувор йуналиши буйича Харакатлар стратегиясини «Халк билан мулокот ва инсон манфаатлари йили»да амалга оширишга оид Давлат дастурини ўрганиш бўйича

Ушбу рисолада 2017-2021 йилларда Ўзбекистон Республикасини ривожлантиришнинг бешта устувор йўналиши бўйича Харакаглар стратегиясини «Халк билан мулокот ва инсон манфаатлари йили»да амалга ошириш буйича белгилаб берилган вазифалар, устувор йуналишларнинг шархи уз аксини топган. Харакатлар стратегиясида акс этган бешта йуналишнинг мазмун мохияти турли фактик материаллар, киёсий тахлиллар оркали изохлаб берилган, шунингдек, истикболда мамлакатимизни ижтимоий-иктисодий жихатдан янада ривожлантириш буйича чора-тадбирларнинг туб мохияти схема ва жадваллар оркали баён этилган. Рисола «Халк билан мулокот ва инсон манфаатлари йили» Давлат дастуридан урин олган, халкимиз, жамиятимиз олдида турган долзарб вазифаларни ахолининг кенг катламларига етказиш ва тарғиб қилиш максадида тайёрланган булиб, ундан таълим тизимининг барча боскичларида фаолият курсатаётган ўқитувчилар, илмий ходимлар, талаба ва ўқувчилар фойдаланишлари мумкин.

101 ХАДИС ИЗ «САХИХ АЛЬ-БУХАРИ»

Книга содержит в себе 101 хадис из сборника хадисов Имама Аль-Бухари «Аль-джами ас-сахих». Рекомендуется для широкого круга читателей, а также для студентов исламских образовательных учреждений. Все права защищены.

Democracy : A World History

In our time, the term'democracy'is frequently evoked to express aspirations for peace and social change or particular governmental systems that claim to benefit more than a select minority of the population. In this book, Temma Kaplan examines attempts from ancient Mesopotamia to the early twenty first century to create democratic governments that allow people to secure food, shelter, land, water, and peace for their mutual benefit. Since early times, proponents of direct or participatory democracy have come into conflict with the leaders of representative institutions that claim singular power over democracy. Patriots of one form or another have tried to reclaim the initiative to determine what democracy should mean and who should manage it. Frequently, people in small communities, trade unions, or repressed racial, religious, and political groups have marched forward using the language of democracy to carve a space for themselves and their ideas at the center of political life. Sometimes they have reinterpreted the old laws, and sometimes they have formulated new laws and institutions in order to gain greater opportunities to debate the major issues of their time. This book examines the development of the democratic ideal from ancient Rome to the Cortes in Spain, the philosophies of Guru Nanak and the Castilian patriot Juan de Padilla, and such inspirational personalities as the Polish trade unionist Anna Walentnyowicz and Burmese politician Aung San Suu Kyi. Though few democracies have sustained themselves for significant lengths of time, their emergence nearly everywhere on earth over thousands of years indicates their resilience despite the fragility of the democratic ideal.

Democracy

Put together specially for students of democracy, this invaluable reader gathers key statements from political thinkers, explained and contextualised with editorial commentaries. This new edition includes a new introduction, new sections and 29 new readings published since the first edition. Arranged into four sections †“ Traditional Affirmations of Democracy, Key Concepts, Critiques of Democracy and Contemporary Issues †“ it covers democratic thinking in a remarkably broad way. A general introduction highlights democracy's historical complexity and guides you through the current areas of controversy. The extensive bibliography follows the same structure as the text to help you deepen your study.

Elections and Democracy : Representation and Accountability

Elections and Democracy addresses the contrast between two different views on representative democracy. According to the first view elections are a mechanism to hold government accountable. In the second view elections are primarily a means to ensure that citizens'views and interests are properly represented in the democratic process. The majoritarian and consensus models of democracy are the embodiment in institutional structures of these two different views of democracy. In the majoritarian view the single most important function of an election is the selection of a government. The concentration of power in the hands of an elected majority government makes it accountable to the people. In consensus models of democracy, or proportional systems, the major function of elections is to elect the members of parliament who together should be as representative as possible of the electorate as a whole. The criterion for the democratic quality of the system is how representative parliament really is. The book explores how far these different views and their embodiment in institutional structures influence vote choice, political participation and satisfaction with the functioning of democracy. The volume is based on data from the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems (CSES), a comparative study across 36 countries. .....

Descriptive Elections : Empowering the American Electorate

Elections are in trouble with general low levels of interest and turnout; Jeanette Morehouse Mendez and Rebekah Herrick suggest that if candidates looked more like America does, these problems would decrease. They call these elections where candidates differ in key social demographic traits descriptive elections. They predict that races that have candidates of different race and/or gender will see higher voter turnout out, because voters will be more interested in these races and will have less alienation and indifference. In addition, they predict that voters'stereotypes/gender preferences, as well as elite behavior, can contribute to greater voter engagement. They also predict that campaigns in these elections will discuss a wider variety of issues, and the media will do likewise. They test their expectations by examining the gender mix of candidates in gubernatorial, congressional, and state legislative races. The results suggest that voters in mixed-gender and women-only elections have less alienation, less indifference, and greater interest. They also are more likely to vote. The results offer more modest evidence that campaigns and media coverage differ in these races. Thus the authors conclude that voters'gender stereotypes and preferences have a larger effect on voters'engagements in descriptive elections.

An Unprecedented Election : Media, Communication, and the Electorate in the 2016 Campaign

Written by leading scholars of political communication, this book provides a comprehensive accounting of the campaign communication that characterized the unprecedented 2016 presidential campaign.The political events leading up to election day on November 8, 2016, involved unprecedented events in U.S. history: Hillary Clinton was the first woman to be nominated by a major party, and she was favored to win the highest seat in the nation. Donald Trump, arguably one of the most unconventional and most-unlikely-to-succeed candidates in U.S. history, became the leading candidate against Clinton. Then, an even more surprising thing happened: Trump won, an outcome unexpected by all experts and statistical models.An Unprecedented Election: Media, Communication, and the Electorate in the 2016 Campaign presents proprietary research conducted by a national election team and leading scholars in political communication and documents the most significant-and in some cases, the most shocking-features of the 2016 U.S. presidential election. The information presented in this book is derived from national surveys, experiments, and textual analysis and helps readers grasp the truly unique characteristics of this campaign that make it unlike any other in U.S. history. The chapters explain the underlying dynamics of this astonishing election by assessing the important role of both traditional and social media, the evolving (and potentially diminishing) influence of televised campaign advertisements, the various implications of three historic presidential debates, and the contextual significance of convention addresses. Readers will come away with an appreciation of the content and effects of the campaign communication and media coverage as well as the unique attributes of the electorate that ultimately selected Donald Trump as the 45th president of the United States.

Election Meltdown : Dirty Tricks, Distrust, and the Threat to American Democracy

From the nation's leading expert, an indispensable analysis of key threats to the integrity of the 2020 American presidential election As the 2020 presidential campaign begins to take shape, there is widespread distrust of the fairness and accuracy of American elections. In this timely and accessible book, Richard L. Hasen uses riveting stories illustrating four factors increasing the mistrust. Voter suppression has escalated as a Republican tool aimed to depress turnout of likely Democratic voters, fueling suspicion. Pockets of incompetence in election administration, often in large cities controlled by Democrats, have created an opening to claims of unfairness. Old-fashioned and new-fangled dirty tricks, including foreign and domestic misinformation campaigns via social media, threaten electoral integrity. Inflammatory rhetoric about “stolen” elections supercharges distrust among hardcore partisans. Taking into account how each of these threats has manifested in recent years—most notably in the 2016 and 2018 elections—Hasen offers concrete steps that need to be taken to restore trust in American elections before the democratic process is completely undermined

Elections and Governance: The Independence Years

Elections and Governance - Jamaica on the Global Frontier is presented in two books: The Colonial Years, 1663 to 1962 (available in 2023) and The Independence Years, 1962 to 2016, available in hardback, paperback and on amazon.com. Together they sketch elections and governance in Jamaica as a colony within the British Empire and as a nation-state from 1663 to 2016. The Colonial Years documents repeated failure of oligarchic governance, the triumph of the excluded marginal majority in achieving universal adult suffrage, the fear of despotism by all, and the creation of a two-party parliamentary democracy. The Independence Years, 1962 to 2016 chronicles how the nation-state has struggled with its colonial history. It highlights the dilemma of winner-take-all governance; the inherent flaws of democracy in its umbilical connection with elections, in that elected representatives can constitutionally and legally appropriate the sovereign power of the people; and outlines Jamaica's unique attempt to resolve the paradox sustained so far by the electorate and elected representatives.

Residential Landscape Sustainability

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher. Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. The Publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold on the understanding that the Publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought.

Detailing for Landscape architects

This book is based upon the second edition of Architectural Detailing: Function, Constructibility, Aesthetics by Edward Allen, Patrick Rand and Joseph lano published in 2007. Tom Ryan adapted and expanded the material for landscape architects with Ed and Pat's assistance and guidance. Edward Allen thanks his longtime colleague Joseph Iano, who prepared many of the original versions of the draw- ings for this book and reviewed the majority of the original manuscript and illustrations. Joe's comments and ideas have strengthened the book in many important ways. Ed is very grateful for the wisdom, experience, and fresh point of view of Patrick Rand, who joined him as coauthor for the second edition of the parent book on architectural detailing. He has long regarded Pat as one of the finest teachers of architectural technology in the world today. Ed's special thanks go to Tom Ryan for a remarkable job of adapting the book to the special- ized subject of landscape detailing. Tom's expertise, excep- tional drawing skills, and good humor have been exemplary throughout the process of preparing this new book.

Landscape site grading principles

While the publisher and author have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with the respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives or written sales materials. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a professional where appropriate. Neither the publisher nor the author shall be liable for damages arising herefrom.

Site Planning and Design Handbook

Information contained in this work has been obtained by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ("McGraw-Hill") from sources believed to be reliable. However, neither McGraw-Hill nor its authors guarantee the accuracy or completeness of any information published herein and neither McGraw-Hill nor its authors shall be responsible for any errors, omissions, or damages arising out of use of this information. This work is published with the understanding that McGraw- Hill and its authors are supplying information but are not attempting to ren- der engineering or other professional services. If such services are required, the assistance of an appropriate professional should be sought.

The Cultured Landscape

No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. The publisher makes no representation, express or implied, with regard to the accuracy of the information contained in this book and cannot accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that may be made.

The Dynamic Landscape

Although this book is potentially relevant to many urban contexts, it is most strongly aimed at the ‘public’ and ‘semi-public’ landscape. Some of these landscapes are public parks of one sort or another. The remainder are a difficult-to-characterise mix of spaces around public housing, commercial developments and institutions, car parks, left-over spaces from development, structure plantings of massed trees and shrubs, and strips along paths, roads and other corridors. Taken as a whole, these often very ordinary places are the landscapes we are most familiar with and which inform, and perhaps even shape, our attitudes to the world around us. In combination with private gardens, these urban spaces are also the landscapes where we have most of our first-hand experiences of ‘nature’. The design form of these landscapes is as diverse as their physical size, location and history. Examples of planting styles inspired by or derived from the picturesque, the gardenesque, the garden city, the modern movement, the municipal engineer, the ecological and, latterly, the community involvement style can all be found. Irrespective of how we now judge the aesthetic merits of the planting styles associated with these movements, in their day all were founded on the principle of being pleasing (as well as functional) to their creators and to the public at large.